四级英语作文
作文的种类
若从作文体裁划分,英文作文有议论文(Argumentative Composition)、记叙文(Narrative Composition)、描写文(Descriptive Composition)和说明文(Expositive Composition),等等。四、六级作文最常见的是前两种。但若从考试的题型来看,则包括以下几种:
1、提纲式作文
用英文或中文给出提纲(outline),要求按提纲写作,目前来说,这种提纲经常是以三段的形式给出,又称三段式作文,这是四级考试的主要形式。
2、图表式作文
包括表格式作文。这类作文要求考生用简洁、生动的语言把图中所提供的信息准确、完整地表达出来。这类作文在四级考试中只是偶然才会出现。
3、情景式作文
用中文或英文给出一个情景,让你自己去说明或评论。这类作文多见于六级和TOEFL考试之中。例:有些发明如电灯、火车、电机等,对人类极为重要。请再举一个你认为重要的发明事例,并说明你为什么认为它重要?
写作的方法(这里只谈四级中出现最多的提纲式)——提纲式(三段式)作文(以考场中占绝大多数的议论文写法为主)
(一)抛开句子的构成、段落的展开、各类文体作文的写作技巧等理论不说,单就实用的原则来看,写四级作文应注意的主要方面有五:1.切题2.干净3.减少错误4.开门见山5.闪光点。
1.切题。拿到作文试卷后的第一件事就是———审题。作文不跑题,这似乎已是老生常谈,但要完全做到,也并非像有些考生想象的那般轻而易举。例如:Benefits of Sports(运动的好处)自然应该写运动的好处。但有些考生在列举了一系列运动的优点之后,又写道:“运动固然好处很多,但也应避免运动的过量,否则,过量的运动还是有害的。它可以使人过度疲劳,损害心肌,拉伤大腿,等等。”
殊不知,这样写着写着,不知不觉中已跑题了。本文要求你写运动的“好处”。至于其“副作用”或“坏处”,根本不应在文章的讨论范围之内。
又如:有的考生写“How university graduates find work”一文,竟写成了自己喜欢什么样的工作。这样一来,你词汇量再大,语法知识再好,也只能是“南辕北辙”了。假如把文章的重点放在“如何”一词上,就算抓住了要害。比如如何去面试,如何写自我简介,如何进行自我包装和推销,等等。由此看来,切题一事,绝不可掉以轻心。
2.干净。干净本不应列在作文的五项注意事项之内,但大家不要忘记,作文是人改的,人是有情感的。自然是喜欢干净讨厌潦草肮脏。阅卷人员每人每天要批改上百份试卷。试想你的作文如果潦草不清,成片涂改,他们会费力地去辨别甚至猜想你的本意吗?因此,作文干不干净已不再是一个战术性小事,而成了一个战略性问题。
记住,把你的作文写得干净整齐就等于向阅卷人员发送一个信息———“老师,我尊重你的辛勤劳动!”这对自己作文的得分,不是很有帮助吗?
3.减少错误。写作过程中碰到自己不会写或拿不准的词或句型,是写还是不写?
我们的看法是,尽可能不写,可以采取避开或用别的替代的方法,英语中叫做“play safe”。
四级作文万一写不太高明,那也首先要保证减少错误:尽量让你的作文做到无懈可击!
例如:About Hong Kong①The Present State②Hong Kong s Past③Its Future
让我们以第一段香港的“现状”为例来看一下:
Hong Kong is in the South of China. It is a beautiful and prosperous city. Its people are brave and diligent. Its position is unique and its economy is booming. People call it“ the pearl in the east”.
其中,当你写到prosperous,diligent,unique,booming等词的时候,若是拿不准,怎么办呢?
这时,脑子要学会急转弯,可以用busy,hardˉworking,special,甚至good来替代。尽管busy并不能完全代表prosperous的意思,但是,车水马龙、热闹繁忙的景象,还是可以基本上表达出来的。
需要指出的是,“play safe”这一招并不意味着我们不必下苦功去记一些必要的、十分基本的词汇,有些词的使用率很高,比如computer,environment,efficiency等,是避不开的。还有的考生上了考场,连modern,society,pollution,甚至benefit这类词都拼写不准,那就不能不给人一个基本功太差的印象。
4.开门见山。5.闪光点。
这两个术语是什么意思呢?
让我们看一看“Good Health”这篇作文。①Importance of good health②Ways to keep fit.③My own practices.
先看第一段“好身体的重要性”,有的考生写道:“With the rapid development of our economy,with the improvement of our living standard,with more and more people s realization of the importance of good health,now people are attaching greater importance to their health.”“随着经济的飞速发展,随着人民生活的改善,随着大家对健康的重要性的了解,…”不要忘记,四级作文总共才要你写百十来个字,你一开头就罗罗嗦嗦说了三四十个字,还没有说到正题上,多么不得要领。切记,好的作文应该单刀直入,直截了当。不要兜圈子,绕弯子,第一句话最好就采用“topic sentence”,点明主题,重点突出———这叫“开门见山”。
因此,我们上来就应该写:
“Good health is important to everyone.”
“开门见山”之后,也就是旗帜鲜明地亮出自己的观点之后,下面我们应该用事例来支持自己的观点,这些事例,就叫做“闪光点”,如果事例很多,还可以采用“First”,“Second”,“Third”这类的排列方法。
有的考生会说,写议论文先端出论点,再给出论据,这我知道,但是,有时候我想不起来事实或例子来支持自己的结论怎么办?
这时,有两个相当重要的词汇大家应该铭记在心———“with”和“without”,尤其是后一个,议论文中几乎可以算是一把开启各式门锁的“万能钥匙”。如:Good health is very important to everyone. With it,we can study hard; We can serve the country; We can do everything as we like. Without good health,everybody knows,we will fail to do things; We can twork efficiently; We may stay in hospital; We’ ll become a burden of our family,etc.
记住,with、without不是在说废话,而是在用“正证法”和“反证法”来论述事情。我们再看第二段“保持健康的方法”。
In my opinion,there are two ways for me to keep fit. First,we must eat a balanced diet. That is to say—we must eat not only eggs,fish,meat but also some vegetables and fruit everyday. Besides eating,drinking clean water is also important. Never get addicted to drinking the so-called“soft drinks”.Second,exercising is a vital part of our daily life. We can do some running in the morning and play football in the afternoon.
至于第三段,“我的实践”,有的考生会问:“写点什么呢?”不要忘记,第二段中提到“吃”与“锻炼”是保持健康的最佳途径,那么,第三段还写“吃”与“锻练”———我自己是怎么做的,不就行了吗?还有人会说:“我以前做得不好,那我就写自己的决心和保证吧!”
“From today on,I will...;I will...;”或者“I plan to do it as follows...”那叫“我的实践”吗?
顶多算是“我的希望”或“我的计划”。这样写就跑题了。可见,切题不仅是指全文,三段中的每一段也存在是否切题这样一个问题。有的考生这样写第三段,就基本上可以说是达到要求了:
As a university student,I pay much attention to my physical exerciser. I do some swimming in Summer and some skating in Winter,I often play badminton and tennis. I m also careful with my diet. In a word,keeping healthy is not very hard if you just take it seriously.
(二)有人可能会问:知道了这几项原则,上了考场我为什么还是写不出来呢?这就牵涉到英文作文的两大考试目的了。
英文作文到底要考大家什么?我们认为,主要考查你的两大方面———思路表达与英文水平。
有的考生一拿到作文题常常会抓耳挠腮,不知道该写些什么,肚里空空如也,这叫做:“没有思路”;也有的人,思路倒有,只是“英文水平”较低;当然,更有一些人“思路”没有,“英文”也不怎么样,要拿高分,其难度就可想而知了。下面,我们分别来谈谈“思路”与“英文”这两件事。
大家知道,到了考场上,作文的第一件事是———思路。有些人,没有思路,只好随心所欲,信手写去,写着写着,自己也不知道写到哪里了。这种作文,难道会条理清楚?难道会中心突出?又怎么能做到干净整洁,不乱涂乱画?因此,拿到作文后的第一件事就是要审题并列出一个提纲。这就好比家中要待客先列出一份菜单一样。菜单列好后,按单去把菜买好,这就叫“素材”,再炒好端上桌,就叫“英文表达”了。
没有菜单,再高明的作家也会“巧妇难为无米之炊”的。列“菜单”,即作文的提纲不必过长,寥寥数语,中、英文皆可。万一上了考场没有稿纸,把准考证翻过来,只言片语可矣!
例如作文“Electricity and Our Daily Life”.①Electricity is essential in our daily life.②If there were no electricity,...③Therefore,...
【Outline】
①电的用途:提供动力/照明/日常生活。②假如没有电:生产/生活,都会受到影响。③因此,我们要节约用电。
Electricity is essential in our daily runs the machines in factories;It starts the vehicles and light the streets and it,we can watch TV,listen to the tape recorder,cook meals or store food in the a word,it helps us a lot in our daily life.
If there were no electricity,all the machines would stop night,it would be very would have to wash our clothes with our ts would use oil lamps to do their would live as our ancestors did centuries ago.
Therefore,electricity is very important to life cannot go on without it,not to mention the construction of our country is short of electricity,now. So,everybody should try to save it.
(三)提纲列出之后,下一步就是用比较标准的英文将你想要说的意思表达出来,这就需要有较好的英文基本功底:包括单词、句子结构、语法、词组等等。下面,大家先看两篇作文,其思路还算清晰,文章比较切题,层次也很合理,但是,单就其语言文字方面,有哪些主要问题呢?【例】 Traffic in Big Cities
c has become a social problem in big cities.
way to solve this problem is...
r way is...
Traffic has become a social problem in big cities. Of course,have a car is a good thing,but if every person own a car,the streets will became too crowded. So,traffic jams occurred during the rush hours and accidents happened more often.
One way to solve this problem is develop public transportation example,we should buy more buses and we should built more roads,especially round-the-city roads And underground trains is also a good solution. Another way is to reduce the big city s population.
Our country population control is a wise and necessary big city people reduce,traffic will less crowded.
第一句抄起始句,无问题。第二句,作者想说:“有车是件好事。”于是就采取了汉语的表达方式:“have a car is a good thing”,但英文就大错特错了。须知,英文的主语一般只能是四部分组成:名词(含代词)、动名词ving、动词不定式to及句子。动词have是万万不能当主语的。所以,至少应改为“having”。接下来,every person那动词own自然应该加“s”了。streets will后面动词用原形become,第三行so大写“s”,Traffic Jams occurred and accidents happened.动词完全不需要用过去式,那样,就给人以一种:“事情已过去了,现在已经不堵车,也没有交通事故了”的印象。所以,切记,议论文中使用过去式
一定要合理,不要滥用。
第二段“One way to solve this problem is to develop...”才行。一般来说,每句话只应有一个谓语动词(并列时当成一个看),所以,有了“is”,“develop”必须消掉(消动词有三招,to v,ving,ved过去分词)。We should build...,And应小写。underground trains is...主谓语不协调或改为trains are,或改为train is,后者更好些,因为此处不是在查数,而是在讲一种情况:“地铁”这种形式,是一个好办法。
末一段可改为:
Our country s population control is a wise and necessary the number of the people in big cities is reduced,traffic will become less crowded.
综上所述,一篇英文要想写得很地道,起码应注意以下几个方面:
①主语是上述四部分之一吗?
②谓语动词是一个吗?(每句话一个,从句也算一句话)这个动词时态、语态、语气正确吗?若是在shall,will,must,may,can等情态或助动词后,用原形了吗?除了这个谓语之外的其它动词消掉了吗?(叫做动词的非谓语形式)
③主语与谓语一致吗?
④及物动词或介词后,使用宾语的形式了吗?(主、系表除外)
⑤定语或状语的位置放的合理吗?
⑥从句的引导词使用恰当吗?
⑦单词有没有拼写错误?
(四)现在,我们已经知道了作文大体上怎样写:
①审题并列出提纲(约5分钟)
②开始写:(1)切题(2)干净(3)少犯错误(4)开门见山(5)闪光点(约20分钟)
③交卷前检查(1)拼写错误(2)语法错误等(约5分钟)
四级英语作文万能模板
英语四级作文万能模板和常用句型-段首句、中间句、结尾句,段首句关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.
用于作文开头的万能模板
1、Many people insist that... 很多人(坚持)认为……
这句话乍看没亮点,但将众人皆知的"think"换为"insist"有没有觉得高大上了许多?
2、With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that... 随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为……
这个可是我当年的"杀手锏"啊,虽谈不上洋气,但正确率百分百啊,还超好记!
3、A lot of people seem to think that... 很多人似乎认为……
"think"终于闪亮登场,但"seem to"为整个句子增添了点婉转之感,这种客观的方式貌似较受老外(尤其腐国人)喜爱。
四级英语作文真题范文
2021 年6月第1套:人类对电脑科技上瘾
作文题目:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay titled "Are people becoming addicted to technology?". The statement given below is for your reference. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
参考范文:
Numerous studies claim that addiction to technology is real and it has the same effect on the brain as drug addiction. First, no one can deny the fact that technology is of great importance to our daily life. However, as a matter of fact, its adverse effect should not be ignored by the public.
Confronted with such phenomenon, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, it is obvious that the universities and mass media should increase publicity and education to encourage people to apply technology more appropriately. For another, we should bear in mind that we are supposed to take a reasonable attitude toward modern technology, and make its advantages over-weigh disadvantages.
Personally, I believe that only by doing so can we better ourselves in every aspect of our life. Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because technology makes our life rich and colorful.
英语四级作文万能开头结尾句
1、英语四级作文开头万能句子
1) recently the problem of … has aroused people’s concern. 最近,……问题已引起人们的关注。
2) recently the problem of … has been brought to public attention. 最近,……问题已引起公众的广泛关注。
3) recently, the problem of … has been brought into focus. 最近,……问题已成为关注的焦点。
4) man is now facing a big problem—(pollution), which is becoming more and more serious. 人们现在正面临一个很大的问题—污染,而且正日益严重。
5) have you ever thought of…? 你是否曾经想过……?
6) there will surely be no agreement among people as to the issue whether… 就 ……问题,人们肯定不会有一致的看法。
7) (internet) has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. (互联网)已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。它给我们带来了许多好处,但也产生了一些严重的问题。
8) one of the serious problems facing us at present is… 目前,我们面临的严重问题之一是 ……
9) there has been a heated argument about whether… 就是否 …… 而言,人们讨论热烈。
10) perhaps we need to reconsider the traditional ways of doing it. 或许,我们需要重新考虑传统的做事方法。
2、英语四级万能结尾
1.only引导的倒装句
例如: Only by living up to the three requirements, can we …
唯有符合此三项要求,我们才能……
Only with combined efforts, can we ...
唯有通力合作,我们才能……
例如:Only with combined efforts, can we expect our nation to take a new face in due course.
唯有通力合作,我们才能期望祖国不久有新的面貌。
2.表示结论(同位语从句)
例如: We can, therefore, come to the conclusion (that)从句
因此,我们能下个结论,那就是……
例如:We can, therefore, come to the conclusion that nothing is as precious as freedom in the
world.
因此,我们能下个结论,那就是世上自由最珍贵。
3.条件假设
例如:If one can really put the three points into action (practice), …
如果能实践这三点,……
例如:If one can really put the three points into action (practice), people will surely be able to
live a healthy and happy life.
如果能实践这三点,人们就能过上健康幸福的生活了。
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