田忌赛马翻译

译文：齐国使者到大梁来，孙膑以刑徒的身份暗地来见，用言辞打动齐国使者，齐国使者觉得此人不同凡响，暗地用车把他载到齐国。齐国的将军田忌欣赏孙膑而以客礼待之。田忌多次与齐国的诸公子赛马，下重金赌胜。孙子注意到他们的马奔跑能力不相上下，并且分上、中、下三等。因此孙子对田忌说：“您只管下大注，臣下必能使您获胜。”田忌相信并答应了他，与齐王和诸公子用千金来赌胜，到了临比赛时，孙子说：“请用您的下等乘马对付他们的上等乘马，请用您的上等乘马对付他们的中等乘马，请用您的中等乘马对付他们的下等乘马。”三等乘马全部比赛完毕，结果田忌一场不胜而两场胜，终于得到王的千金之赏。所以田忌把孙子推荐给齐威王。威王向他请教兵法，因而任他为军师。

田忌赛马英语介绍

从前，中原地区由许多诸侯国组成，这些诸侯国常年征战，所以军事能人对诸侯国十分重要。齐国有一位大将名叫田忌，他有一位好友叫孙膑。当时，赌马成为一时风尚，田忌十分喜爱赛马，但他不擅长下注。一天，田忌在赌马上又输光了所有的钱，孙膑建议，下次赌马可以带上他，田忌欣然同意。孙膑发现，马分为三等，每一等都有各自的比赛，要赌赢，必须在三场比赛中赢两场。孙膑能提出什么妙计呢?

Long ago, China was divided into kingdoms. The kingdoms were often at war, so good military leaders were important. One such leader was Tian Ji, a general in the State of Qi.

Tian Ji’s best friend was Sun Bin. Sun Bin had been a military official in the State of Wei. After he was unfairly fired from his job, he moved to the State of Qi. Sun Bin taught Tian Ji a lot about military strategy.

At that time, horse racing was the most popular entertainment for the rich. People bet money on the races. Tian Ji was a fan of horse racing, but he wasn’t very good at betting.

One day, Tian Ji again lost money at the races. He went home feeling sorry for himself. When Sun Bin saw how sad Tian Ji was, he said, “Take me with you next time. Maybe I can help you win!”

A week later, Tian Ji did just that. Sun Bin learned how the races worked very quickly. He saw that the horses were divided into three types according to speed. First-class horses were the fastest, and third-class horses were the slowest. Each type had their own race and people bet on each race. In order to win the overall bet, a person only needed to win two of the three races. Sun Bin also noticed that each type had a different saddle color. This was to tell the different horses apart. Soon, Sun Bin developed a strategy to help Tian Ji.

“Trust me,” he told Tian Ji. “I know exactly how you can win!”

Tian Ji got so excited he challenged the king to a race.

Tian Ji did everything that Sun Bin told him to do. For the first race, he put the first-class saddle on his third-class horse. The king’s first-class horse easily beat Tian Ji’s third-class horse

For the second race, Sun Bin told Tian Ji to put the second-class saddle on his first-class horse. And sure enough, Tian Ji won the second race. His first-class horse was better than the king’s second-class horse.

Finally, for the third race, Tian Ji used his second-class horse. Once again, he won. This time it was against the king’s third-class horse. The king was shocked. Tian Ji was the overall winner.

The king congratulated Tian Ji, but he was curious.

“Tian Ji, where did you get such good horses?” he asked.

“Your Majesty,” Tian Ji replied,” I did not win because I found great horses. I won because of the strategy I used. It was Sun Bin’s strategy, and it worked!”

“Really?” said the king. “What exactly was this strategy?”

Tian Ji told the king all about how he switched horses. He explained how Sun Bin knew that even when two opponents were unevenly matched, a strategy could be used to minimize losses. In this case, losing only once meant that Tian Ji was still the overall winner.

Hearing this, the king immediately made Sun Bin the military adviser for the whole army. Sun Bin’s strategies and Tian Ji’s leadership led the State of Qi to many military victories.

田忌塞马文言文版

齐使者如梁，孙膑以刑徒阴见，说齐使。齐使以为奇，窃载与之齐。齐将田忌善而客待之。忌数与齐诸公子驰逐重射。孙子见其马足不甚相远，马有上、中、下辈。于是孙子谓田忌曰：“君弟重射，臣能令君胜。”田忌信然之，与王及诸公子逐射千金。及临质，孙子曰：“今以君之下驷与彼上驷，取君上驷与彼中驷，取君中驷与彼下驷。”既驰三辈毕，而田忌一不胜而再胜，卒得王千金。于是忌进孙子于威王。威王问兵法，遂以为师。

田忌赛马赛的数学道理

田忌赛马所用的数学知识是“博弈论”。这是一种专门研究斗争的方法，后来被称为“对策论”，或者叫做“博弈论”。在第二次世界大战的时候，这些知识在军事上发挥了很大的作用。

田忌赛马数学原理

博弈论

田忌所代表的一方的上、中、下三批马，每个层次的质量都劣于齐王的马。但是，田忌用完全没有优势的下马对齐王有完全优势的上马，再用拥有相对比较优势上、中马对付齐王的中、下马，结果稳赢。

大输,小赢,小赢 --> 输少赢多，是博弈论最早的例子之一。

关键词： 田忌赛马翻译 田忌赛马英语介绍 田忌塞马文言文版 田忌赛马赛的数学道理