定语从句语法

定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，定语从句分为限制性和非限制性从句两种。定语从句的基本结构为：先行词+关系代词或关系副词+从句本身。

一、关系代词与关系副词

1、关系代词

在定语从句中，能作关系代词的有which、that、who/whom。

(1)which/that指物

例：The book which/that you borrowed me yesterday is interesting. 你昨天借给我的书很有意思。

(2)who/that指人

例：He is the manwho/that lives next door.他是住在隔壁的那个人。

注意：关系代词在从句中作宾语时，which/that保持不变，who变为whom。

例：We wondered whom the book was about. 我们想知道这本书是关于谁的。

2、关系副词

在定语从句中，能作关系副词的有why(表原因)、where(表地点)、when(表时间)。

例：This is the reasonwhyI was late this morning. 这就是我今天早上迟到的原因。

This is the townwherehe was born.这是他出生的小镇。

Tom got married in 2000whenhe was 24 years old. 2000年汤姆结婚了，当时他24岁。

注意：千万不要看见前面是原因、地点、时间就用why、where、when这些关系副词，关键要看它们在从句中起名词还是副词的作用。

请看下面的例题：

This is the reason ______ I was late this morning.

This is the reason ______ I told you.

第一句中，the reason用来修饰迟到这个动词，表示早上迟到的原因(I was late because…)，因此它起到副词的作用，要用why。

而第二句中，the reason 是told的宾语(I told you the reason)，起名词的作用，因此要用which/that。

二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

1、结构上的区别

限制性定语从句不用逗号与主句隔开

例：I have a sister who is a doctor.(限制性定语从句)我有一个当医生的姐姐。

非限制性定语从句需使用逗号和主句隔开。

例：I have a sister, who is a doctor.(非限制性定语从句)我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。

2、意义及功能上的区别

限制性定语从句修饰和限制先行词，明确先行词内容，是先行词不可缺少的定语。如果删去，会影响主句意义的完整。

例：I have an elder brother who is a teacher.(限制性定语从句)我有一个当老师的哥哥。

(但我可能还有做其他工作的哥哥。删去该从句后，句子的整体含义发生了变化：I have an elder brother. 这句话的就意味着我只有一个哥哥了。)

非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加补充说明。如果删去，不会影响主句意义的完整。

例：I have an elder brother, who is a teacher.(非限制性定语从句)我有一个哥哥，他是当老师的。

(删去该从句后不影响句子的整体含义：I have an elder brother.)

从以上两句句子中也可以看出限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的译法也有所不同。

一般限制性定语从句会翻译成先行词的定语“…的”，而非限制性定语从句通常翻译成主句的并列句。

3、先行词的内容区别

大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句或是主句中的某些内容，此时非限制性定语从句常由which引导。

例：A four-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present.(非限制性定语从句)

一个四岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。(令人惊讶的是“一个四岁男孩会讲两门外语”这件事，先行词为整个主句，所以应由which 引导非限制性定语从句。)

4、关系词使用上的区别

4.1 在限制性定语从句中，当关系词做宾语时可以省略。但在非限制性定语从句中，关系词是不可省略的。

例：Is this the magazine (that) she wants?(限制性定语从句)这是她想要的杂志吗?

例：The man returned home with the magazine, which he had bought in a bookstore.(非限制性定语从句)男人带着杂志回家了，这杂志是他在书店买的。

4.2 非限制性定语从句中不能使用关系代词that或why

例：Tennis, which is the best summer game, can be played by two or four players.(非限制性定语从句)网球是最好的夏日运动，可以有两个或四个人一起玩。

这句话不可以写成：Tennis, that is the best summer game, can be played by two or four players. 在语法上是错误的。

4.3 在限制性定语从句中有时可用who代替whom，但是在非限制性定语从句中不可以用who代替whom

例：He is the only doctor who/whom I can turn to for help.(限制性定语从句)他是我唯一能求助的医生了。(关系词作宾语时可用who代替whom)

例：He is a warm-hearted doctor, to whom I can turn for help.(非限制性定语从句)他是个好心的医生，我可以向他求助。

5、在非限制性定语从句中，“介词+关系代词”结构前可以使用all、both、most、some等词，与of which/whom搭配。

例：Her daughters, both of whom studied abroad, wrote to her once every two weeks.(她的两个女儿在国外读书，她们每两周给她写封信。)

6、as引导非限制性定语从句

as作关系代词引出非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，对其进行说明，有“正如……，就像……”之意。

通常用于as we all know、as is said above、as is often the case等句式中。

as在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，引出的从句位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中间。通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。

例：As was often the case, he forgot to bring the book. (他忘了带书，这很寻常。)=He forgot to bring the book, as was often the case.

以上就是定语从句的主要用法和解释。

英语九大状语从句例句

结果状语从句

eg: It is such an interesting book that I want to see it again

比较状语从句

eg:He is as strong as an ox.

方式状语从句

eg:If I were a fish, I would be able to swim in the river.

目的状语从句

eg:We used the computer in order that we can save time.

让步状语从句

eg: Although she treats me ,yet I will trust her.

高中定语从句经典例句

1. Read this article from a school magazine, which was written by Wei Hua, who studied in the UK for one year. 看一看校刊上的这篇文章，是魏华写的，她曾在英国留学一年。

2. The assembly that/which all of the new students attended in the school hall was very important. 在学校礼堂所有新生都参加的那次集会非常重要。

3. I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana. 我坐在名叫戴安娜的女孩旁边。

4. Mr. Heywood, who was my class teacher, was very helpful. 海伍德是我们班的老师，他很乐于助人。

5. I loved the lessons that/which she gave in English Literature. 我喜欢她上的英语文学课。

定语从句介绍人物

I have a friend named YangYang. Her medium height, shapely, oval face, small eyes but great temperament. She is interested in singing and dancing. She has participated in the city's singing competition, won the first prize. She loves sports, like hiking fitness. She was a helpful person. Once she saw in the street an old lady fell on the road, she was sent to hospital after the old woman propped up their own money to grandma doctor, then quietly leave, even the name was left. Her favorite food is pasta, I always ask her to eat noodles.

关键词： 定语从句语法 英语九大状语从句例句 高中定语从句经典例句 定语从句介绍人物